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OPEN SOURCE FOR YOU
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JANUARY 2018
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Admin
How To
installed inside a guest to improve its performance and
extend the functionality. For instance, these allow us to
share folders between the host and guest, and to drag and
drop functionality.
Features of VirtualBox
Let us discuss some important features of VirtualBox.
1) Portability: VirtualBox is highly portable. It is available
on a wide range of platforms and its functionality remains
identical on each of those platforms. It uses the same file
and image format for VMs on all platforms. Because of
this, a VM created on one platform can be easily migrated
to another. In addition, VirtualBox supports the Open
Virtualisation Format (OVF), which enables VM import
and export functionality.
2) Commodity hardware: VirtualBox can be used on a CPU
that doesn’t support hardware virtualisation instructions,
like Intel’s VT-x or AMD-V.
3) Guest additions: As stated earlier, these software bundles are
installed inside a guest, and enable advanced features like
shared folders, seamless windows and 3D virtualisation.
4) Snapshot: VirtualBox allows the user to take consistent
snapshots of the guest. It records the current state of the
guest and stores it on disk. It allows the user to go back in
time and revert the machine to an older configuration.
5) VM groups: VirtualBox allows the creation of a group
of VMs and represents them as a single entity. We can
perform various operations on that group like Start, Stop,
Pause, Reset, and so on.
Getting started with VirtualBox
System requirements
VirtualBox runs as an application on the host machine and
for it to work properly, the host must meet the following
hardware and software requirements:
1) An Intel or AMD CPU
2) A 64-bit processor with hardware virtualisation is required
to run 64-bit guests
3) 1GB of physical memory
4) Windows, OS X, Linux or Solaris host OS
Downloading and installation
To download VirtualBox, visit https://www.virtualbox.org/
wiki/Downloads link. It provides software packages for
Windows, OS X, Linux and Solaris hosts. In this column I’ll be
demonstrating VirtualBox on Mint Linux. Refer to the official
documentation if you wish to install it on other platforms.
For Debian based Linux, it provides the ‘.deb’ package.
Its format is virtualbox-xx_xx-yy-zz.deb where xx_xx-yy is
the version and build number respectively and zz is the host
OS’s name and platform. For instance, in case of a Debian
based 64-bit host, the package name is virtualbox-5.2_5.2.0-
118431-Ubuntu-xenial_amd64.deb.
To begin installation, execute the command given below in a
terminal and follow the on-screen instructions:
$ sudo dpkg -i virtualbox-5.2_5.2.0-118431-Ubuntu-xenial_amd64.
deb
Using VirtualBox
After successfully installing VirtualBox, let us get our hands dirty
by first starting VirtualBox from the desktop environment. It will
launch the VirtualBox manager window as shown in Figure 1.
This is the main window from which you can manage your
VMs. It allows you to perform various actions on VMs like
Create, Import, Start, Stop, Reset and so on. At this moment,
we haven’t created any VMs; hence, the left pane is empty.
Otherwise, a list of VMs are displayed there.
Creating a new VM
Let us create a new VM from scratch. Follow the instructions
given below to create a virtual environment for OS installation.
1) Click the ‘New’ button on the toolbar.
2) Enter the guest’s name, its type and version and click the
‘Next’ button to continue.
3) Select the amount of memory to be allocated to the guest and
click the ‘Next’ button.
4) From this window we can provide storage to the
VM. It allows us to create a new virtual hard disk or
use the existing one.
4a) To create a new virtual hard disk, select the ‘Create
a virtual hard disk now’ option and click the ‘Create’
button.
4b) Select the VDI disk format and click on ‘Continue’.
4c) On this page, we can choose between a storage policy
that is either dynamically allocated or a fixed size:
i) As the name suggests, a dynamically allocated disk will
grow on demand up to the maximum provided size.
ii) A fixed size allocation will reserve the required storage
upfront. If you are concerned about performance, then go
with a fixed size allocation.
4d) Click the ‘Next’ button.
5) Provide the virtual hard disk’s name, location and size
before clicking on the ‘Create’ button.
This will show a newly created VM on the left pane as
seen in Figure 2.
Figure 1: VirtualBox manager